Essay Gender in as You Like It and Twelfth Night - 1438 Words

Gender Roles in Twelfth Night and As you Like It Much of the comedy in Twelfth Night and As you Like It emerges from Shakespeare’s distortion of traditional gender roles, as both plays contain strong female leads who disguise themselves as males. Though both Viola and Rosalind help their less-than-ideal beloveds woo their own objects of desire, and both disguises emerge party from the loss of a male familial figure, the women inhabit their male facades in drastically different ways. In both plays, though, Shakespeare provides constant reminders of Viola and Rosalind’s femininity, never straying too far from established gender tropes. One of the clearest similarities between Rosalind and Viola lies in that they disguise themselves as a†¦show more content†¦Likewise, his kind treatment of the elderly Adam proves him to be upstanding and kind as he does everything in his power to assure that the older man remain comfortable during their time in the woods. However, he clearly lacks a certain maturity and wit that Rosalind readily possesses. Even Rosalind must admit that his love poems lack originality and talent: â€Å"Oh most gentle Jupiter, what tedious homily of love have you wearied your parishioners withal, and never cried, ‘Have patience, good people! . . . Ay, but the feet were lame, and could not bear themselves without the verse, and therefore stood lamely in the verse† (As You Like It, Act III scene ii, lines 154-171). Moreover, though Duke Senior and Jacque show no signs of aggression, Orlando allows his youthful impetuousness to guide him and approaches their banquet in a hostile manner. Duke Orsino of Twelfth Night, or What You Will leaves much to be desired as well. The play begins with the Duke love-sick over Olivia: If music be the food of love, play on, Give me excess of it, that surfeiting, The appetite may sicken, and so die . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O spirit of love, how quick and fresh art thou, That notwithstanding they capacity Receiveth as the sea, nought enters there, Of what validity and pitch soe’er, But falls into abatement and low price Even in a minute. So full of shapes is fancy That it alone is highShow MoreRelatedtwelfth night Essay952 Words   |  4 Pages Twelfth Night Essay While many will agree that Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night is critically acclaimed to be one of the most entertaining and well-liked pieces that he has written, there tends to be a discrepancy over how the characters in the play are portrayed when it comes to the importance of gender roles. After reading James C Bulman’s article over the Globe’s more recent performance of Twelfth Night and Shakespeare’s original written version, I realized that there are many ways that this famousRead MoreShakespeare s Twelfth Night : Gift Exchange, Debt And The Early Modern Matrimonial Economy1321 Words   |  6 Pagesand gender identity became a more acceptable concept.However, even though it became acceptable once again in the twenty first century. Literature throughout the ages depicted different sexual orientation and gender identification. The play Twelfth Night made produced by William Shakespeare discusses the topics of sexuality during the early 17th century. The articles Gender Trouble in ‘Twelfth Night by Casey Charles agrees that the main central theme of this play is associated with gender identificationRead MoreHamlet And Twelfth Night Comparison Essay957 Words   |  4 Pagescomedies. Of them, Hamlet and Twelfth Night are perfect examples of both. A comparison between them could be of interest because their common points demonstrate that, however differing their genres are, Shakespeare’s plays essentially illustrate what it is to be human[1] . [2] Hamlet and Twelfth Night could both be compared through instances of body imagery, critical thought and social integration. In the first place, when it comes to body imagery in Hamlet and Twelfth Night, the first uses it as aRead MoreCompare And Contrast Hamlet And Twelfth Night1162 Words   |  5 PagesFrom Hilarity to Tragedy in Shakespeare: How Hamlet and Twelfth Night Compare By Zawadi Bunzigiye William Shakespeare wrote plays covering the breadth of human experience. They seem to have transcended the restraints of age because of the universal themes that they contain. His body of his work is comprised of genres of plays varying from tragedies to comedies. Of them, Hamlet and Twelfth Night are perfect examples of both. A comparison between them would be of interest because their common pointsRead MoreTwelfth Night By Shakespeares Influence Of Gender Roles In Poetry1133 Words   |  5 Pages Gender roles play a major part in interpreting plays and poems. From the Early Modern English period to the 18th century and Enlightenment to present day gender roles and how they are viewed have changed. In the first piece woman were viewed as less than men and had to maneuver around to please men. As time progresses, the second piece shows how gender roles become more equal in life. This changes through time and is shown when you read Twelfth Night by Shakespeare and A Nocturnal Reverie byRead MoreGender Ambiguity : Boys Should Be Girls Will Be Boys And Twelfth Night Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesgirls will be boys† This statement refers to the theme of gender within Shakespeare’s comedies and it is portrayed significantly in both As You Like It and Twelfth Night. Gender is a major theme in the work of Shakespeare which is an issue which has had a significant impact on the criticism attracted to his work for many of his plays, led by feminists in particular. In each of the two plays there is gender ambiguity, mistaken identities and gender blurring as Shakespeare deals with the important issuesRead MoreTwelfth Night and Crossdressing1429 Words   |  6 PagesIgnorance The play Twelfth Night encapsulates what it meant to be a man and women throughout the 16th century. The roles of each gender were set in stone, and one could not publicly cross over under any circumstances. During Shakespearean times women were not even allowed to portray themselves on stage, men played their roles instead. In my opinion Shakespeare uses the play to show the hypocrisy of the status quo that held people from expressing their true identity. Twelfth Night demonstrates thatRead MoreTheme Of Homosexual Love In Twelfth Night1118 Words   |  5 PagesDepiction of Homosexual Love in Twelfth Night Romantic desire is struggle ingrained within William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, strained by the nature of homosexual love. The depths of human sexuality are explored in Twelfth Night through the relationships between Duke Orsino and Viola as Cesario, Olivia and Viola, and Sebastian and Antonio. Twelfth Night represents homoerotic love in both radical and conservative ways, while furthermore questioning the boundaries of gender and disguise depicted by theRead More Cross-Dressing in Shakespeares Twelfth Night and As You Like It1736 Words   |  7 PagesCross-Dressing in Shakespeares Twelfth Night and As You Like It In Shakespeares plays Twelfth Night and As You Like It both of the lead female characters dress as men. Both plays are comedies and the change in gender is used as a joke, but I think it goes much deeper. A woman can become a man, but only if it is not permanent. The affect of the change cannot be too great because she must change back to female once everything is settled. They are strong female characters, but must becomeRead MoreTwelfth Night and Sexuality Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesIgnorance The play Twelfth Night encapsulates what it meant to be a man and women throughout the 16th century. The roles of each gender were set in stone, and one could not publicly cross over under any circumstances. During Shakespearean times women were not even allowed to portray themselves on stage, men played their roles instead. In my opinion Shakespeare uses the play to show the hypocrisy of the status quo that held people from expressing their true identity. Twelfth Night demonstrates that

What Constitutes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - 846 Words

What Constitutes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy? By Gail Kirkpatrick | Submitted On November 09, 2010 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Gail Kirkpatrick Cognitive behavioral therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that aims to teach a person new skills on how to solve problems concerning dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions through a goal-oriented, systematic approach. This title is used in many ways to differentiate behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and therapy that is based on both behavioral and cognitive therapies. There is empirical evidence that shows that cognitive behavioral therapy is quite effective in treating several conditions, including personality, anxiety, mood, eating, substance abuse, and psychotic disorders. Treatment is often manualized, as specific psychological orders are treated with specific technique-driven brief, direct, and time-limited treatments. Cognitive behavioral therapy can be used both with individuals and in groups. The techniques are often adapted for self-help sessions as well. It is up to the individual clinician or researcher on whether he/she is more cognitive oriented, more behavioral oriented, or aShow MoreRelatedCognitive Behavior Therapy ( Cbt )857 Words   |  4 Pagesabout a combination of cognitive therapy with behavioral therapy to form CBT (Hansen, 2008). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) was developed by Aaron Beck in 1967 (field, Beeson, Jones, 2015). In the late mid-1980s, people were still very resistance to the combination of the two therapies, despite the great works of Ellis and Beck (Hansen, 2008). CBT proposed that dysfunctional emotional and behavioral responses were caused directly by dysfunctional thinking, known as cognitive distortions. CBT isRead MoreAnalysis Of Aaron Beck s Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretical Summary Aaron Beck developed the cognitive therapy concept in the 1960s. Beck was very ill as a child and perceive his mother to be depressed and unpredictable due to losing two children in their infancy due to illness. Beck graduated from Brown University and Yale Medical School. According to Beck’s daughter Judith, cognitive therapy is based on the ideas of the stoic philosophers in Greece and Rome (Seligman et al, 2014, p. 294) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was founded by Donald Meichenbaum,Read MoreCognitive Therapy And The Treatment Of Depression1089 Words   |  5 Pagesproven that Cognitive therapy works just as good as the medications given the right experience. The Interaction to Cognitive Therapy (ICS) Study An accruing relapse of depression is hard to overcome nevertheless; preventing these relapses is the key. The length of depression constitutes a major problem in the treatment of depression. However, many evidences suggest that psychological treatments have been withdrawn to the many treatment trials that have been found in cognitive therapy such as drugsRead MoreThe Interaction Of Cognitive Therapy878 Words   |  4 PagesThe Interaction to Cognitive Therapy (ICS) Study An accruing relapse of depression is hard to overcome nevertheless; preventing these relapses is the key. The length of depression constitutes a major problem in the treatment of depression. However, many evidences suggest that psychological treatments have been withdrawn to the many treatment trials that have been found in cognitive therapy such as drugs or different types of therapy that defends against depression. â€Å"The preventive interventionsRead MoreFamily Systems Therapy: Four Models1272 Words   |  5 PagesFamily Systems Therapy: Four Models The process of individual therapeutic treatment will often result in heavy invocation of intimate personal relationships, formative experiences and conflict management. These characteristics would ultimately lead to the evolution of family systems therapy, a mode of treatment which recognizes the inherency that familial patterns and inter-relations possess where counseling and treatment are concerned. The school of though revolving around the family systems ideologyRead MorePsychology, Existential And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1727 Words   |  7 PagesMy top five theories are Gestalt, Reality, Person Centered, Existential and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Within these five theories my top five aspects that I would like to incorporate into my own personal model of counseling is as follows: 1.) From Gestalt therapy I would incorporate staying with the feeling and use experiments along with internal dialogue exercises (Corey, 2013). The aspect of getting to the root of unfinished b usiness in regards to impasse is appealing in regards to this theoryRead MoreWhat About Bob Diagnosis1188 Words   |  5 PagesPSYC 3350 Abnormal Psychology On-Line What About Bob Multi-phobic personality characterized by acute separation anxiety . . . This is Dr. Leo Marvins diagnosis of Bob Wiley in the movie What About Bob. But exactly what does this mean? We all seem to have a vague understanding of what a phobia is, whether is be from watching movies or our own personal experiences. But what exactly constitutes a phobia, and how does acute separation anxiety fit in to the diagnosis of this character?Read MoreComparing the Efficacy of Cognitive Therapy and Antidepressant Medication in the Treatment of Depression1249 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch has been conducted on the efficacy of antidepressant medication and cognitive therapy, the two main treatment methods used for depression today. The discussion has, however, been characterized by conflicting claims, resulting in a debate over what should be used rather than us having definite conclusion of how patients are best helped. The extensive research of Elkin et al (1989) concluded that cognitive therapy was not an effective treatment method for severely depressed outpatients. ThisRead MoreA Psychodynamic Treatment Approach Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesrecurrent themes emerge within the therapy which constitute the client’s internal and external world. With this in mind, Susanna’s internal object relations would undoubtedly unfold in the relationship with the therapist. As Susanna evidences a lack of insight, it will be the therapist’s responsibility to clarify Susanna’s experiences for her. In this view, clarification refers to the reformulation of the patient’s verbalizations to convey a more coherent view of what is being communicated. The therapistRead MorePersonal Statement On Family Therapy1246 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Family Therapy can be implemented in a different ways in a program that provides a facet of services, but it’s imperative that the approaches used are appropriate for the individual or families utilizing services. Functional Family Therapy is used to help deal with substance abuse in families but can also be used to assist with behavioral issues in children. A well rounded family service program can not only use this one approach but utilize other approaches to meet the needs of the population

Bio100 Midterm Study Guide Free Essays

string(39) " is three molecules of carbon dioxide\." 7 properties of Life |Description/Examples | | Order |All living things exhibit complex but ordered organization; structure of a pinecone | |Regulation |The environment outside of the organism may change drastically, but the organism can adjust its internal | | |environment keeping it within appropriate limits; temperature (shivering and sweating) | |Growth Development |Information carried by genes controls the growth and development in all organisms | |Energy Utilization |Organisms take in energy and use it to perform all of life’s activities; Puffin eating fish to have energy| | |to swim | |Response to the |All organisms respond to environmental stimuli; Venus fly trap shutting when a fly touches its hairs | |environment | | |Reproduction |Organisms reproduce their own kind; hippos only reproduce hippos | |Evolution |Reproduction underlies the capacity to evolve over time; a bug changes over time to camouflage to its | | |environment | Levels of organization in the living world: 1. Biosphere 2. Ecosystem6. We will write a custom essay sample on Bio100 Midterm Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Organs-Organ Systems 3. Communities7. Tissues 4. Population8. Cells 5. Organism9. Organelles 10. Molecules and Atoms Homeostasis- The steady state of body functioning; the tendency to maintain relatively constant conditions in the internal environment even when the external environment changes. Homeostasis is dependent on negative feedback to give it signals to regulate; when a thermostat recognizes the temp has dropped it cues the heater to kick on. In negative feedback, a change in a specific variable triggers a mechanism that will reverse the change. Ecosystem Nutrients are recycled; water, minerals, carbon dioxide and decomposed organisms are used and recycled back in to the ecosystem Energy flows through; sunlight is used for photosynthesis which produces 02 Producers are photo synthesizers. Producers convert the sun’s energy to chemical energy of sugars and complex molecules. The sun enters as light and is converted to heat which is released back into the ecosystem. Taxonomy- the branch of biology that identifies names and classifies species. Names are 2 parts (binomial), genus and species. Closely related species are grouped into a genus. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells |Characteristics |Prokaryotic Cells |Eukaryotic Cells | |Nucleus |No |Yes | |Cell Size |Very small |Larger | |Complexity (organelles) |Low complexity |Many | |Examples of organisms with these cells |Bacteria, archaea |Animals, humans, plants, fungus, protists | Domain Characteristics- 3 domains Domains |Archaea |Bacteria |Eukarya | |Distinguishing |Exist in extreme conditions |No nucleus |Nucleus | |characteristics |No nucleus |Cell walls contain |Unique rRNA to Eukarya| | |Single celled |peptidoglycan | | | |Cell walls contain no peptidoglycan |Unique rRNA to Bacteria | | | |Unique rRNA to Archaea | | | | |Cell membrane is made of branched hydrocarbon chains | | | | |attached to glycerol by ether links | | | |Examples of organisms |Pyrolobus fumarii, methanogens |e. Coli |Protists, plants, | |found in this domain | | |fungi, animals | Plantae- plants are photosynthetic Protist- unicellular organisms Cell structures common to both plant and animal cells: Ribosomes, golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, nucleus Unique to plants- chloroplasts, cell walls, central vacuole Unique to animals- centriole, lysosome, flagellum Evolution Evolution is the changing of organisms to produce the best offspring and have the best traits, leading to a better species of the organism; responsible for the unity and diversity in life. Darwin’s main point: Modern species descended from ancestral species, and organisms evolve by natural selection. Artificial selection accounts for the different breeds of domesticated dogs. (selective breeding) Natural Selection (mechanism of Evolution) |Observation/deduction |What does it say? | | |What does it mean? | |Observation1- Overproduction and competition |There are only so many resources available for species to live | | |on. When they over produce they will have to compete for the | | |resources; the strongest will survive | |Observation 2- Individual variation |Each ndividual within a species is different, with different | | |traits. Stronger, weaker, smarter, faster, slower. | |Conclusion- Unequal reproductive Success |The individuals with the best traits will be the ones to get the | | |resources and survive and be able to pass on these traits through| | |their offspring, leading to a species better adapted to their | | |environment. | Hypothesis driven science Scientific Process |Definition/Description |Example from rat experiment in Lab 1 lesson| | | |page | |Observation |Observing something |Rats at local pet store seem to all run in | | | |a clockwise direction on their wheels | |Questioning |Questioning that observation |Do all rats prefer to run in a clockwise | | | |direction? | |Hypothesis |A proposed explanation for a set of |There is no difference in preference by | | |observations |rats as to which direction (clockwise or | | | |counterclockwise) they run on an exercise | | | |wheel. |Testing |Experiment |A sample of 100 rats (minimum sample size | | | |is 30) were selected at random for the | | | |experiment. They were split into different | | | |groups (control and experimental). The | | | |experiment was conducted multiple times by | | | |several researchers to ensure that the | | | |results were reproducible. Every rat in | | | |both groups was observed to run in a | | | |clockwise direction and therefore, the null| | | |hypothesis was rejected. | |Explanation |Conclusion to the experiment results-proven|Rats do have a preference as to the | | |or disproving the hypothesis |direction in which they run on the exercise| | | |wheel; they prefer to run clockwise. | Theory vs. Hypothesis- a theory must be supported by evidence. A good hypothesis must be falsifiable. Measurements | |Prefix |Symbol |Relation to base unit | |A. kilo |k |x 1,000 (1 k = 1,000 m) | |B. |centi |c |1/100 (1 cm = 0. 01 m) | |C. |milli |m |1/1000 (1 ml = 0. 001 l) | |D. |micro | µ |1/1,000,000 | |E. |nano |n |1/1,000,000,000 | The following are thus equivalent: 575 nm, 0. 575  µm, 0. 000575 mm, 0. 0000575 cm, 0. 000000575 m, and 0. 000000000575 km. Likewise 4. 63 kg is equal to 4,630 g and 463,000 cg. Temperature is usually recorded in degrees Celsius ( °C). On the Celsius scale, the boiling point of water is 100à ‚ ° and the freezing point of water is 0 °. The common temperature conversion formulae are:  °C = ( °F – 32) x 5/9 and  °F = ( °C x 9/5) + 32 Electrons- subatomic particles with a single unit of negative electric charge that play the greatest role in cellular chemical reactions and determine the chemical properties of an atom or molecule. Innermost shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom. Source of energy that pumps hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane Atom- the structural unit that retains the properties of an element. Becomes an ion when it gains or loses electrons. Composed of protons, electrons and neutrons. Proton- subatomic particle w/ a single unit of positive electrical charge. Electron- subatomic particle w/ a single unit of negative electrical charge. Neutron- Electrically neutral The number of electrons in the outermost shell determines the chemical properties of an atom. Atoms whose outer shells are not full tend to interact with other atoms- that is, to participate in chemical reactions. The innermost shells is full with only 2 electrons, while the second and third shells can each hold up to 8 electrons. Molecule- A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Isotopes differ in their mass number 3CO? is three molecules of carbon dioxide. You read "Bio100 Midterm Study Guide" in category "Papers" Carbon is organic |Type of Bond |How they form |Examples | |Ionic |Transfer of electrons that happen through |Table salt | | |the attraction of oppositely charges ions | | | |such as positive calcium and negative | | | |fluoride. | | |Covalent |When one atom shares its electrons with |Methane | | |another atom. | | |Hydrogen |Occurs in water between a hydrogen and |Water | | |oxygen atom in a different molecule. A type| | | |of weak chemical bond formed when a | | | |partially positive hydrogen atom from one | | | |polar molecule is attracted to the | | | |partially negative atom in another molecule| | | |(or in another part of the same molecule). | | Water- 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom- is an important solvent in life because it forms hydrogen bonds. pH 7 because it is neither acidic or basic. Cohesion- The tendency of water molecules of the same kind to stick together. The strength of hydrogen bonds between water molecules allows for surface tension (spider walking on water) pH- 0 is acidic- greater H+ concentration, water is 7- equal H+ and OH+ concentration (neutral) and 14 is Basic- lower H+ concentration.. Carbon is an important molecule for life because it can form chemical bonds with a maximum of 4 other atoms. 4 electrons in its outermost shell (can hold 8), needs 8 to be stable and it gets the electrons by covalent bond Centrioles – Every animal-like cell has two small organelles. They are there to help the cell when it comes time to divide. They are put to work in both the process of mitosis and the process of meiosis. You will usually find them near the nucleus but they cannot be seen when the cell is not dividing. Made of Microtubules. Hydrocarbon- the simplest organic compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Hydrolysis- breaking of a long chain compound into its subunits by adding water to the structure between its subunits. Adding a water molecule to split two sugars apart. Consumes water. Changes polymer to monomer Dehydration reaction- A chemical process in which a polymer forms when monomers are linked by the removal of water molecules. One molecule of water is removed for each pair of monomers linked. A dehydration reaction is the opposite of a hydrolysis reaction. Carbohydrate monomers are united into a polymer by means of dehydration synthesis Carbohydrate- A biological molecule consisting of simple single-monomer sugars (monosaccharide), two-monomer sugars (disaccharides), and other multi-unit sugars (polysaccharides). Proteins- made of amino acids. Hair and muscle. Act as enzymes. Proteins function depends on its shape Lipids-fats (oils) and steroids (cholesterols. Stores energy and produces other steroids. Fat is made of glycerol with 3 fatty acid molecules (triglycerides). Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system that takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell. Nucleic acids- DNA and RNA, provides the directions for building proteins. Made of nucleotides. AT and GC Polysaccharides- sugars Soften a fat- create more double bonds with carbon atoms in the fatty acid chains. More hydrogen atoms in saturated fats make them remain solid at room temp. Enzyme- may contain the organic molecule –NH?. Special type of protein that causes metabolic reactions to proceed at a much greater rate than they normally would. Their function depends upon their three-dimensional shape. Three factors that can affect the observance of enzymes is temperature, pH and the presence of catalase. A protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process. DNA- made up of nucleotides. DNA makes RNA; RNA makes protein Benedict’s test- reducing sugars, green, yellow, red is positive. Blue is negative Sudan III test- testing for fat, red spot is positive Biuret test- protein, pink or purple is positive Iodine test- starch, positive is dark brown or black Hydrogen Peroxide- enzyme activity (liver, lunch meat) bubbles are positive Robert Hooke- first to use the term cell to describe the basic unit of life. Surface to Volume ratio (Surface area / Volume)- a small cell has a larger sav ration than a larger cell. When the outside surface area is smaller than the inside volume the cell cannot pass material in and out as effectively as when the surface area is larger than the volume | CUBE 1 |CUBE 2 | |Surface Area: |1cm x 1cm x 6 sides = 6cm2 |10cm x 10cm x 6 sides = 600cm2 | |Volume: |1cm x 1cm x 1cm = 1cm3 |10cm x 10cm x 10cm = 1000cm3 | |SA/V: |6cm2/1cm3 = 6. 0 cm2/cm3 |600cm2/1000cm3 = . 6cm2/cm3 | |Rf = |Distance the pigment traveled | |   |Distance the solve nt traveled | | |  Ã‚  Ã‚  (solvent front will be near the paper clip) | For example, if the solvent travels 10 cm, and the pigment travels 3 cm, the Rf value for that pigment would be: 3 cm/10 cm = 0. 3000 (four decimal places) Ribosomes- found on the surface of Rough ER. Synthesizes protein Nucleus- contains and replicates DNA Nuclear membrane- the â€Å"envelope† there is pores and spaces for RNA and proteins to pass through while the nuclear envelope keeps all of the chromatin and nucleolus inside. Cytoskeleton- maintains cell shape, anchors organelles, and moves parts of the cell. A meshwork of fine fibers in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell; includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cell walls; plant cell walls are composed of cellulose. A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists; protects the cell and helps maintain its shape. Cell membranes are composed of lipids and proteins; it separates the cell from its surroundings. Called the Fluid Mosaic† because molecules can move freely past one another and mosaic because of the diversity of proteins that float like icebergs in a phospholipids sea. Cytoplasm- Everything inside a eukaryotic cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; consists of a semi fluid medium and organelles; can also refer to the interior of a prokaryotic cell. Chloroplasts- the organelles that perform photosynthesis in plant cells and some protists. Located in the cytoplasm within the plasma membrane. Enclosed by two concentric membranes, a chloroplast absorbs sunlight and uses it to power the synthesis of organic food molecules (sugars). Chlorophyll- A green pigment in chloroplasts that participates directly in the light reactions. Chlorophyll a-the chlorophyll that is used during light reaction and is in the reaction center of the photosystem Chlorophyll b- broadens the range of light a plant can use Carotenoids- absorbs extra light that could damage the chlorophyll Anthocyanin- protects the plant from UV damage Genes- Chromosomes are made up of DNA. Segments of DNA in specific patterns are called genes. Your genes make you who you are. You will find the chromosomes and genetic material in the nucleus of a cell. In prokaryotes, DNA floats in the cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid. Lysosome- aids is digestion Plasma membrane- major lips are phospholipids. The thin layer of lipids and proteins that sets a cell off from its surroundings and acts as a selective barrier to the passage of ions and molecules into and out of the cell; consists of a phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are embedded. Golgi apparatus- protein modification. An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membranous sacs that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum. Central vacuole- A membrane-enclosed sac occupying most of the interior of a mature plant cell, having diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development. Aids in storage Microtubules- cell shape Nucleolus- The nucleolus is a non-membrane bound structure [composed of proteins and nucleic acids found within the nucleus. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed and assembled within the nucleolus. Cilia- hair-like structures on the outside of a cell that create movement through a back and forth motion Flagella- tail-like structure on the outside of the cell that helps move the cell along Food vacuole- sac that buds from the plasma membrane to help the lysosome release enzymes that digest the food molecules that provides energy to the cell. Cellular respiration- conversion of the energy stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP. Glucose is used as food and carbon dioxide is produced as waste. Formula is 6CO2 + 6H2O =C6H12O6+6O2 (6 molecules carbon dioxide + 6 molecules water=1 molecule sugar + 6 molecules oxygen). Cellular respiration varies from breathing because it is required to share 2 gases with its surroundings and breathing shares 2 gases between blood and surroundings. Stages are Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport Aerobic= 4, anerobic= 34 Cellular responses involve transduction of an external signal Paramecium- single celled organism (Protist) with a nucleus (eukaryotic cell) and small hair-like structures (cilia) Osmosis- water moves from the lower solute concentration to the higher solute concentration. A type of passive diffusion where water moves down the concentration gradient through a semi-permeable membrane. Hypertonic- In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with the greater concentration of solutes. Hypotonic- In comparing two solutions, referring to the one with the lower concentration of solutes. If a cell is placed in it, water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution. Energy- capacity to perform work Kinetic energy- energy of motion (muscle moving) potential energy- Energy that something has because of its location. A rock on the top of the mountain contains potential energy entropy- the measure of the amount of disorder or randomness in a situation Principles of conservation of energy- it is not possible to create or destroy energy. Can only be converted from one form to another. ATP molecules- main energy carriers in cells. ATP synthesis occurs in the mitochondrion Active transport requires ATP, passive does not. Facilitated transport occurs by means of transport proteins Diffusing molecules move down their concentration gradients until they are evenly distributed. If a human cell were placed in water, it sells because water is diffusing across the plasma membrane from a region of high concentration outside the cell to a region of low concentration inside the cell. Endocytosis- The movement of materials in to the cell Exocytosis- The movement of materials of out the cytoplasm of a cell via membranous vesicles or vacuoles Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs another cell. A cell engulfs a particle by wrapping pseudopodia around it and packaging it within the vacuole Pinocytosis- cellular drinking Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis – the movement of specific molecules into the cell by inward budding vesicles. The vesicles contain proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in. Polypeptide- a chain of amino acids that have been linked together by dehydration synthesis Light reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane. Source of electrons is H? O. The first of two stages in photosynthesis, the steps in which solar energy is absorbed and converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The light reactions power the sugar-producing Calvin cycle but produce no sugar themselves. Photosynthesis- light excites the electrons in chlorophyll to a higher energy state. Energy is released and used to create ATP when electrons are passed down the energy hill during the light dependant reactions. The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria transform light energy to chemical energy stored in the bonds of sugars made from carbon dioxide and water. CO2 + 6H2O =C6H12O6+6O2 (6 molecules carbon dioxide + 6 molecules water=1 molecule sugar + 6 molecules oxygen) Calvin Cycle- makes sugars during photosynthesis in the Stroma. The Calvin Cycle uses the produc ts of the light reactions (which are ATP and NADPH) to power the production of sugar from carbon dioxide. The enzymes in the Calvin cycle are dissolved in the Stroma, the thick fluid within the chloroplast. ATP generated by the light reactions provides the energy for sugar synthesis. And the NADPH produced by the light reactions provides the high-energy electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to Glucose. Thus, the Calvin cycle indirectly depends on light produce sugar because it requires the supply of ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions. Energy transfer- pigment moleculeschlorophyll a primary electron acceptor Electron transport train- electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step Photosystem- A light-harvesting unit of a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane; consists of several hundred antenna molecules, a reaction-center chlorophyll, and a primary electron acceptor. Rough ER was mentioned in the section on ribosomes. They are very important in the synthesis and packaging of proteins. Some of those proteins might be used in the cell and some are sent out. The ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the ER. As the ribosome builds the amino acid chain, the chain is pushed into the ER. When the protein is complete, the rough ER pinches off a vesicle. That vesicle, a small membrane bubble, can move to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus. Smooth ER- has its purpose in the cell. It acts as a storage organelle. It is important in the creation and storage of steroids. It also stores ions in solution that the cell may need at a later time. vesicle is a bubble of liquid within another liquid, a supramolecular assembly made up of many different molecules. More technically, a vesicle is a small membrane-enclosed sack that can store or transport substances. Vesicles can form naturally because of the properties of lipid membranes (see micelle), or they may be prepared. Artificially prepared vesicles are known as liposomes. Most vesicles have specialized functions depending on what materials they contain. Water-splitting photosystem when oxygen is produced Osmoregulation- animal’s ability to survive if its cells are exposed to hypertonic or hypotonic environment How to cite Bio100 Midterm Study Guide, Papers

Petruchios taming of Katherina Essay Example For Students

Petruchios taming of Katherina Essay The Taming of the Shrew is set in the late 1500s in a market city named Padua in Italy. Now a day the play can be seen as controversial to feminists as well as others. This is because it is set during Elizabethan times, a time when women were seen as the property of their fathers until they were married. Then they become their husbands property. Women had no rights, couldnt vote and had no status. The only women with status were queens. There was a chain of being in late 1500s society this was god queens lords peasants. The play is labeled as a comedy, although sometimes this is not very clear to the modern reader. The first impression you get from Katherina when you meet her is that of a disobedient, rebellious, spirited and fiery person. Men of that time may have found this intimidating. Her sister, on the other hand, is on the outside a model woman of the time by being very sweet, quiet, obedient and demure. This is why their father greatly preferred Bianca and didnt care about upsetting or humiliating Katherina in public. And let it not displease thee, good Bianca, for I will love thee neer the less, my girl Baptista says this to Bianca because he sorry that her sister is such a shrew and that no one wants her. This means that Bianca cant marry either of her suitors until Katherina has found a husband. He doesnt even feel sorry or upset for Katherina that no one wants her. What kind of father does this to his child? Biancas suitors are desperate to wed her so decide to team up to find her a husband. Luckily for them, Hortensios friend, Petruchio, turns up in Padua looking to find a wife and have a family. Petruchio is very masculine and shows bravado by saying, I have come to wive it wealthily in Padua; if wealthily, then happily in Padua after he finds out that Katherinas father is very rich, although this shouldnt really matter as he is very rich himself. As he has heard of Katherinas temper and spirit, he tells us in his soliquiy, just before he meets her, that he will confuse Katherina by saying the exact opposite of what she expects to hear, if she do bid me pack, Ill give her thanks. As though she bid me stay by her a week The conversation between Katherina and Petruchio is fast paced and exciting. Katherina seems to appreciate that he doesnt mock or tease her and that he doesnt treat her contemptuously, but seems to respect her. He seems to appreciate her fiery spirit. They are both quick witted, use a fast pace and clearly enjoy each others company. I also think she appreciates him not humiliating her in public, something most men she knows seem to do to her. He shows appreciation and love of her by saying: For by this light whereby I see thy beauty-  Thy beauty that doth makes me like thee well-  Thought must be married to no man but me,  For I am here to tame you Kate,  At first, though, she refuses, but Petruchio outwits her by telling everyone how her wildness is an act that is just for show, but when she is alone shes tame and loves him greatly.  On their wedding day, Katherina was at first excited and happy, but her excitement and happiness soon turn to sadness as Petruchio is extremely late. Even when he does finally turn up he is dressed in rags and smells. His justification is, To me shes married, not unto my clothes. .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 , .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 .postImageUrl , .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 , .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64:hover , .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64:visited , .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64:active { border:0!important; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64:active , .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64 .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f067adebe3ba0f4ddc844f0e9454a64:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Poets Views of Love in Sonnet EssayHe then embarrasses her further in the church by swearing, slapping the priest, getting drunk on the communion wine, throwing the wine in the sextons face and then kissing her in an undignified manner. He is using shock tactics as part of his taming strategy, being cruel to be kind. Also he is showing her he is in charge. If this isnt enough, he then goes and insults her father by not going to the wedding feast and when Katherina begs him to stay he embarrasses her further. Unfortunately he has the attitude of the man of those times as he feels she is my goods, my chattels The guests then smugly mock them as if they were mad. When they arrive home Petruchio abuses the servants in front of Katherina. Then he deprives her of food, saying it is burnt when in fact it is perfectly done. And tis my hope to end successfully.  My falcon now is sharp and passing empty,  And till she stoop she must not be full- gorged  She ate no meat today, nor none shall eat;  Last night she slept not, nor tonight she shall not. He is doing all this in an effort to tame her. By the way he acts around her you would think that he enjoys it and thinks she deserves it, but, in actual fact he says; He that knows better how to tame a shrew, now let him speak- tis charity to show. When he says this, you realize how much he hates doing this because he loves her and how much he would do anything to curb her mad and headstrong humor. in any other way, but he sees this as his only option. The way he tames her makes modern readers uncomfortable because it is very much from a time where men were in charge of what and how women behaved which is definitely not the case today.